130 research outputs found

    Auchenorrhyncha) in the vineyards of macedonia and their role in the epidemiology of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani'

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    Bois noir (BN), oboljenje koje izaziva stolbur fitoplazma, nanosi velike Ε‘tete u vinogradarskim regionima Ε‘irom Evro-mediteranskog basena. Tokom 2012. i 2013. godine preduzeta su epidemioloΕ‘ka istraΕΎivanja za odreΔ‘ivanje potencijalnih insekata vektora i najvaΕΎnijih biljaka rezervoara BN fitoplazme u makedonskim vinogradima, u jugoistočnom delu zemlje. IstraΕΎivanjem diverziteta vrsta iz podreda Auchenorrhyncha utvrΔ‘eno je prisustvo 27 vrsta cikada u okviru 6 familija. Ukupno je registrovana 21 vrsta familije Cicadellidae, 2 vrste familije Cixiidae i po jedan predstavnik familija Aphrophoridae, Delphacidae, Dyctiopharidae i Issidae. Tokom istraΕΎivanja utvrΔ‘ena je izrazita učestalost glavnog vektora stolbur fitoplazme, cikade Hyalesthes obsoletus, dok drugi dokumentovani vektor BN, Reptalus panzeri, nije zabeleΕΎen u makedonskim vinogradima. Molekularna karakterizacija β€˜Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ u analiziranom materijalu vrΕ‘ena je analizom genskih regiona tuf, stamp i vmp1 gena, RFLP metodom i sekvenciranjem. Cilj karakterizacije je da se stekne detaljan uvid u molekularnu raznolikost izolata stolbur fitoplazme povezanih sa vinovom lozom, potencijalnim biljkama rezervoarima (Urtica dioica i Convolvolus arvensis) i jedinkama H. obsoletus sakupljenim na ovim biljkama. Ukupno je analizirano 91 izolat stolbur fitoplazme meΔ‘u kojima je identifikovano 3 tuf, 5 vmp1 i 11 različitih stamp genotipova. Na osnovu sveobuhvatne tuf/vmp1/stamp genotipizacije utvrΔ‘eno je ukupno 12 genotipova stolbur fitoplazme. NajveΔ‡i diverzitet genotipova je identifikovan meΔ‘u izolatima iz H. obsoletus sakupljenim na U. dioica, od kojih je najčeΕ‘Δ‡e bio prisutan genotip tuf-ab/V18/M1 (43%). Tuf-b/V2-TA/STOL genotip je utvrΔ‘en u 33% prirodno inficiranih biljaka vinove loze. Dva genotipa stolbur fitoplazme povezana su sa U. dioica: tuf-ab/V18/M1 (60%) i tuf-a/V3/M4 (40%), dok je samo jedan genotip (tuf-b/V2-TA/Rqg50) povezan sa C. arvensis.Bois noir (BN), induced by stolbur phytoplasma, is an important grapevine yellows disease that causes severe damage in viticultural regions throughout the Euro-Mediterranean basin. Epidemiological survey to determine potential insect vectors and the main reservoir plants of BN phytoplasma in Macedonian vineyards was undertaken between 2012 and 2013 in southeastern part of the country. The study of the species diversity from the suborder Auchenorrhycha revealed the presence of 27 species, belonging to 6 families. The most numerous was family Cicadellidae with 21 species, followed by family Cixiidae with 2 species, Aphrophoridae, Delphacidae, Dyctiopharidae and Issidae with only one species recorded. Our study revealed the high abundance of the principal vector of stolbur phytoplasma, the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus, while the second documented vector of BN, Reptalus panzeri, was not recorded in Macedonian vineyards. A molecular characterization performed by sequence and/or RFLP typing of tuf, vmp1 and stamp genes, was used to gain detailed insight into the molecular diversity of the stolbur phytoplasma isolates associated with grapevine, tentative reservoir plants (Urtica dioica and Convolvulus arvensis) and H. obsoletus associated with them. Among 91 stolbur isolates detected in diverse plant and insect hosts 3 tuf, 5 vmp1 and 11 distinct stamp genotypes were identified. Overall, twelve comprehensive genotypes of stolbur phytoplasma were detected according to tuf/vmp1/stamp genotyping. The highest diversity of genotypes was detected among the isolates from H. obsoletus associated with U. dioica, of which the most frequent genotype was tuf-ab/V18/M1 (43%). Tuf-b/V2-TA/STOL comprehensive genotype was found in 33% of naturally infected grapevines. Two stolbur phytoplasma genotypes were associated with U. dioica: (i) tuf-ab/V18/M1 (60%) and tuf-a/V3/M4 (40%), while only one genotype (tuf-b/V2-TA/Rqg50) was associated with C. arvensis

    Speech at the National Press Club, Washington D.C.

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    During 2015-2016, research with 10 cotton varieties (lines 5136, 5140 and 5141, created at the Institute in Strumica and Bulgarian varieties Chirpan 539, Veno, Perla 267, Avangard 264, Colorit 409, Helius 288 and Natalia 361) was done in the agro ecological conditions of Strumica region. The aim was to study the biological and agricultural characteristics of cotton varieties.    The experiments were done in three repetitions following a randomized block system and with size of experimental field parcel to 14m2. All examined varieties in agroecological conditions in Strumica fall in medium early-matured varieties, with a vegetation period of 125-130 days. The lines belong to the group of early-matured varieties with a vegetation period of 116-118 days. The yields of the dry cotton in the years of research are from 2853 kg/ha at the Bulgarian variety Colorit, to 5158 kg/ha at the variety Veno. The highest randman from the domestic genotypes has the line 5141 (42,6%),  and from the Bulgarian genotypes Chirpan 539 (45,4%) and Helius 204 (43,8%)

    ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° приносот ΠΈ принос кај Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΈ F1 Ρ…ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈ

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    Π’ΠΎ структурата Π½Π° Π²ΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‡ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° градинарски ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π•Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ Π·Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ° 8-10%, Π° Π²ΠΎ БАД Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ‡ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‡ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ учСствува со ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡƒ 35%. Кај нас Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ сС ΠΎΠ΄Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠ²Π° Π½Π° повСќС ΠΎΠ΄ 6.000 Ρ…Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρƒ 90% ΠΎΠ΄ застапСнитС ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ½ΠΈ сС засСани со Ρ…ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ сСмС ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡƒΠ²ΠΎΠ·. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π³ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π° Ρ…ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ сСмС ΠΈ срСдствата ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ сС ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ˜ΡƒΠ²Π°Π°Ρ‚ Π·Π° Π΄Π° сС ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π·Π΅ истото, Π½Γ¨ Π½Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Π° Π΄Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ со СкспСримСнтална ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡ˜ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ…ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ сСмС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ поднСбјС. Π’ΠΎ овој Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ сС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ осум F1 Ρ…ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ сСдум сС мСѓулиниски ΠΈ ќС сС користат Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΎΡˆΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π΅Π½ Magnus. Π˜ΡΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈ сС Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ растСниС ΠΈ просСчната маса Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° приносот кај Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ (Wiliams, 1959) ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ принос

    Characteristics of some Macedonian and introduced oats genotypes cultivated in organic and conventional production

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    In the period 2005-2007 trials with five oats populations (Krivogastani,Trebenishta,Radolishta, Bugarija, Kuceviste) and three oats varieties Rajac, Slavuj and Lovćen), were carried out. The trials were set up in conditions of organic and conventional production. The main objective of this investigation was to determine the differences in some morphological characteristics of the tested genotypes, which directly or indirectly affect the yield, and also, to determine the differences that came up as a result of the different systems of production (conventional and organic production). The average height of the oats plant cultivated in organic production (114,4 cm) was higher absolutely by 2,2 cm or relatively by 2.0% than the height of the oats plant cultivated in conventional production. The system of production showed no effect on the length of the panicle. The yield of oats grain by panicle in organic production (3,30 g) was higher absolutely by 0,3 g or relatively by 9.1% than the yield of oats grain by panicle in conventional production (3,0 g). The system of production did not impact significantly on the percentage of the glumes. The lowest percentage of glumes in both systems of production gavevariety Rajac

    Examination of Some Morphological Features of Domestic Populations of Flax (Linum Ustitassimum L.), in the Agro Ecological Conditions in Strumica, Republic of Macedonia

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    The research was conducted in a period of two years (2007 and 2008) on five flax genotypes, 4 of which are domestic populations, intermediate (transitional) linen (velusina, duferin , belan , belinka) and an introduced french variety of fiber flax (viking). The number of seeds in the fruit, in both years of research, is statistically different among different varieties. In two years of testing , the lowest number of seeds in the fruit had population velusina (3,3 in 2007 and 3,5 in 2008), and the most number of seeds reached population duferin (5.5 in 2007 and 5.7 in 2008). There is a statistically valid difference for the number of fruits per flax plant among the tested varieties. The lowest number of fruits per plant had population belan (23,1 in 2007 and 24,8 in 2008), and the most had a variety viking (29,0 in 2007 and 29,3 in 2009). In the two years of research, the largest absolute mass of the seed had population velusina (6,8 g and 6,6 g respectively), and the lowest population belinka (4,1 g and 4,5 g respectively). Among the many varieties there are statistically significant differences. The highest average height, in the two-year research, regardless of the years of testing, had population belinka (78,9 cm), and the lowest population velusina (67,1 cm). The highest average seed yield per flax plant in the two-year research, regardless of the year of investigation, had viking variety (0,73 g), and the lowest population velusina population (0,55 g)

    The influence of the temperature at the intensity of the spread of the cotton bollworm (heliothis obsoleta fabr. = helicoverpa armigera hb.) as a pest of the peppers in the Strumica region

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    H. armigera is typical polyphagous insect which attacks: tomatoes, peppers, tobacco, maize, cotton, garlic, onions, cabbage, soy, beans and many other leguminous and pumpkin crops and various weed plants. The damages from the cotton bollworm have economic importance, especially when the species is in progradation. It is widespread all over the world, especially in warmer climates. The increase in the population of this cotton bollworm is associated with global warming

    Π•ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΈΡ‚Π΅ услови ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΈΡΡ‡Π΅Π·Π½ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° свСтулкитС (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

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    Π‘Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΠ»ΠΊΠΈΡ‚Π΅ сС инсСкти ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ„Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Lampyridae (Coleoptera) со ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρƒ 2000 опишани Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π°Ρ‚ посСбни ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈ Π·Π° производство Π½Π° свСтлина Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° страна ΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π±Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚. НивнитС Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ биолуминисцСнтни Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° носат ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΡšΠ΅, давајќи ΠΈΠΌ Скономска врСдност ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Скотуристички Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π—Π°Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ“Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π° свСтулкитС Π½ΠΈΠ· Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ свСт. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π΅Π΄ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ°, Π½Π°Ρ˜ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°ΠΊΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° свСтулкитС сС Π³ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°, свСтлосното Π·Π°Π³Π°Π΄ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° пСстициди. Π—Π½Π°Π΅Ρ˜ΡœΠΈ Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π·Π° Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ‡Π΅Π·Π½ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ќС ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π°Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π° освСтлСно Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ страна Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ чудСсни инсСкти

    Како Π΄Π° Π³ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²Π°ΠΌΠ΅ свСтулкитС (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΡ‡Π΅Π·Π½ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅

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    Π‘Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΠ»ΠΊΠΈΡ‚Π΅ (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) сС инсСкти ΠΊΠΎΠΈ сС ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€Π°Π°Ρ‚ со посСбни ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈ Π·Π° производство Π½Π° свСтлина, Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° страна ΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π±Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚. НивнитС Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ биолуминисцСнтни Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° носат ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΡšΠ΅, давајќи ΠΈΠΌ Скономска врСдност ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Скотуристички Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π—Π°Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ“Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π° свСтулкитС Π½ΠΈΠ· Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ свСт. Π˜ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ°Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΡƒΠ²Π°Π°Ρ‚ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° најголСми Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° свСтулкитС сС Π³ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°, свСтлосното Π·Π°Π³Π°Π΄ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° пСстициди. Π—Π½Π°Π΅Ρ˜ΡœΠΈ Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π·Π° ΠΈΡΡ‡Π΅Π·Π½ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° свСтулкитС ΠΈ ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌ Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° Π΄Π° опстанат ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠ²Π°Π°Ρ‚, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ќС ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π²Π°Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π° освСтлСното Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ стана Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ чудСсни инсСкти

    Π’Π»ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° пСстицидитС Π²Ρ€Π· кориснитС ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΈ

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    Π’ΠΎ процСсот Π½Π° Π·Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° раститСлното производство ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° пСстициди Π΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡƒ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ. ОвиС Ρ…Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ, Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ, сС појавСни ΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° синтСтичкитС инсСктициди Π²ΠΎ 1940 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ инсСктициди ΠΏΡ€Π²ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ користСни Π·Π° ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡˆΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅. ΠŸΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ дСнСс сС составСн Π΄Π΅Π» ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡˆΠΈΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈ сС користат Π·Π° Π·Π°ΡˆΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ˜ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ производство, ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡˆΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ прСнСсуваат опасни Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΈ болСсти. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ сС Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ рСчиси 38 ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΈ Π½Π° пСстициди сСкоја Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°. ИдСално Π±ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ пСстициди Π΄Π° Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ токсични само Π·Π° Ρ†Π΅Π»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΈ, Π΄Π° сС Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ Сколошки Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ стСпСн. Π—Π° ΠΆΠ°Π», Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ сС Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ, бидСјќи ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ пСстициди сС нСспСцифични ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ˜ ΡˆΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅, Π³ΠΈ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡˆΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°Π°Ρ‚ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ сС бСзопасни ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ корисни Π·Π° СкосистСмот (ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡƒΠ²Π°Π°Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ раст ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜

    Analysis of the Quality of Oats (Avena Sativa L.) Grown In Conditions of Organic Production

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    During 2015 and 2016 the research of 11 oats genotypes is conducted, in conditions of organic production. Three of the oats genotypes are domestic populations, Krivogastani, Trebenista and Kuceviste, and the others are introduced varieties: Rajac, Slavuj and Lovken from Serbia, Kupa, Baranja, Eksplorer, Sampionka and Istra from Croatia. The phenological surveys, during the research showed that the vegetation period of the spring oat genotypes, grown in condition of organic production, is 100 – 110 days. The oats was sown in March, and the full maturity was reached in July, in each year of the research. In both years of research, the highest absolute mass of the grain had variety Istra (34,60 g in 2015 and 29,60 in 2016), while, the lowest had the population Krivogastani (12,3 g in 2015 and 14,90 g in 2016). There are very significant statistical differences between the varieties. The hectoliter mass of the grain is statistically different in different varieties, in the both years of the research. Rajac variety showed the lowest hectoliter mass in both experimental years (23,66 kg/hl in 2015 and 31,5kg/hl in 2016). The highest hectoliter mass in 2015 had Istra variety (42,05 kg/hl), and in 2016, it was Krivogastani population (36 kg/hl). The highest oats plants, in both years of research, were Krivogastani population (116,7 cm in 2015 and 143,3 cm in 2016). The lowest plants were Kupa variety (78,3 cm in 2015 and 83,4 cm in 2016). The comparison between varieties showed that there are statistically significant differences
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